: The total cross-sectional area in the lungs for gas exchange has been estimated between 500 and 1,000 square feet. True False Question 5 (1 point) Which of the following causes exercise-induced bronchoconstriction? Loss of cholinergic activity Loss of heat and water from the respiratory tract Excessive adrenergic input Unresolved sleep disorders Smoking cigarettes Question 6 (1 point) In the lungs, thin-walled sacs that are highly vascularized and efficient in gas exchange are called
Question 7 (1 point) The extent of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction can be limited by which of the following? Maintenance therapy with leukotriene modifier like montelukast Losing weight and getting plenty of sleep Taking anti-histamines after working out No longer smoking cigarettes Treatment with beta-blockers Question 8 (1 point) Training improves the efficiency in breathing by altering alveoli function. True False
Aerobic exercise training improves factors related to both oxygen transport and oxygen utilization. True False Question 10 (1 point) Asthma medications that act as short-term relievers do which of the following? Decrease edema in the lungs Affect inflammatory pathways that include leukotrienes Cause relaxation of smooth muscle cells in the airway Cause constriction of certain bronchioles to divert air needed areas in the lung Decrease calcium entry and slow muscle contractions
The fundamental unit of the kidney involved in filtration and reabsorption is called A the Question 12 (1 point) The reabsorption process comes with a significant energy cost in that much of the transport is active transport and requires the input of energy in the form of carbohydrates lipids ATP electrical impulses sunlight
Epinephrine released during exercise stimulates K+ reuptake in muscle cells. True False Question 14 (1 point) The glomerulus is where which of the following takes place? oxidation filtration scavenging of free radicals temporary storage of urine reabsorption of potassium Question 15 (1 point) When exercising at or above 60% VO2 max, significant increases are observe in glomerular filtration rate, True
Question 16 (1 point) Hypokalemia can have serious consequences including inability of mitochondria to make enough ATP diabetes excessive urination obesity arrhythmias Question 17 (1 point) Diuretics used to be prescribed a lot, but they are now considered inferior to more sophisticated drugs like angiotensin receptor blockers. True False
Human kidneys filter the body’s extracellular volume the equivalent of 16 times a day. True False Question 19 (1 point) Regular exercise training causes influx of water into the intravascular space, known as plasma volume expansion, generating exercise-induced hypervolemia. True False 9 Question 20 (1 point) Most diuretics are natriuretio. They inhibit sodium reabsorption in the kidney. exchange sodium for potassium
Question 21 (1 point) Which measure would be considered an appropriate dependent variable for measuring muscle strength? A) 1-mile run B) VO2 max C) 1-RM D) Age E) All of the above
KULOLIUTI LE 14 porty Which of the following is not considered part of the Gold Standard in terms of study design to measure the effects of performance enhancing substances? A) Double Blind B) Prospective C) Placebo-controlled OD) Randomized E) Case Study 9 Question 23 (1 point) Efficacy is the ability of a drug or treatment to produce a specific result or effect A) True B) False
Question 27 (1 point) If an experimental study is using three different levels of caffeine (100mg, 200mg, or 300mg) to investigate the effects on running performance, which is the appropriate depedent variable? Amount of caffeine provided Bench Press Strength Running time or speed All of the above would be considered dependent variables. Question 28 (1 point) Textbooks, research articles, and governmental websites are ways to find valid information True False
Which ingredient is considered a “dietary supplement” according to The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994? A) Anabolic steroid B) Over the counter drug C) Herb D) Pharmaceutical Drug E) None of the above Question 30 (1 point) Where can you find valid information regarding the efficacy of supplements? A) Peer-reviewed journal articles
A single episode of aerobic exercise decreases blood pressure during the post- exercise period, a phenomenon called post-exercise hypotension. True False Question 32 (1 point) The primary cause of the vast majority of cases of hypertension is unclear. True False Question 33 (1 point) Untreated hypertension can result in all of the following EXCEPT: Coronary and peripheral artery diseases Myocardial infarct Asthma Chronic renal failure
Question 34 (1 point) Nitric oxide (NO) is a powerful vasoconstrictor and can increase blood pressure. True False Question 35 (1 point) How do cardioselective beta-blockers get their name? They only affect the heart. Heart tissue has special enzymes that activate these drugs. -9 These drugs prefer B-1 receptors, and heart tissue has mostly B-1 receptors. B-1 receptors elsewhere in the body do not respond. B-2 receptors show decreased responsiveness.
Long-term, regular exercise leads to a relative decrease in catecholamine output at comparable exercise levels. True False Question 37 (1 point) Beta-blockers are ergolytic, and no advantage is gained from their use in certain types of competition. True False Question 38 (1 point) Hypertension affects how much of the population worldwide? Less than 5% 5-10% 10-15%
Nebivolol is a newer beta-blocker that also does which of the following? Decreases cholinergic activity Increases nitric oxide (NO) activity Significantly enhances the activity of certain diuretics Increases blood volume Affects alpha receptors Question 40 (1 point) For most individuals with hypertension, regular exercise causes significant lower blood pressure and eliminates the need for drugs. True False
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